Source List

On Landownership and US Farmer Demographics

• Bailey, P. & Kagan, A. (2020). Emerging Farmers in Minnesota, Legislative Report, MN Dept. of Agriculture, St. Paul, MN.

• Horst M. & Marion A. (2019). Racial, Ethnic, and Gender inequities in farmland ownership and farming in the U.S. Agriculture and Human Values, 36, 1–16.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-018-9883-3

https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/farm-economy/land-use-land-value-   tenure/farmland-ownership-and-tenure 

• Cash crops, hidden costs: Inside Illinois' agricultural system

On Black Land Loss

• Merem, E. (2006). The Loss of Agricultural Land Among Black Farmers. Western Journal of Black Studies; Vol. 30 No. 2; Sociological Abstracts; pp. 89-102.

• Mitchell, T. W. (2005). Destabilizing the normalization of rural black land loss: a critical role for legal empiricism. Wis. L. REV., 557.

• Tshabalala, Precious (economist) Union of Concerned Scientist’s journal The Equation: A Brief History of Discrimination against Black Farmers—Including by the USDA, August 27, 2024. Food | Union of Concerned Scientists

• Wood, S. D., & Gilbert, J. (2000). Returning African American Farmers to the Land: Recent Trends and a Policy Rationale. The Review of Black Political Economy, 27(4), 43–64. 

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02717262

Census22_HL_BlackProducers.pdf

On Financialization of Farmland and Corporate Ownership

• Ashwood, L., Canfield, J., Fairbairn, M. & De Master, K. (2020). What owns the land: the corporate organization of farmland investment, The Journal of Peasant Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2020.1786813

• Edelman, M. (2021). Hollowed out Heartland, USA: How capital sacrificed communities and paved the way for authoritarian populism. Journal of rural studies, 82, 505-517.

• Fisher, Daniel. (2010). In Pictures: America's Top 10 Landowners. Forbes, online. https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/14/ted-turner john-malone-emmerson-business-billionaires-land_slide.html#9d886682d98c. 

• How to Start Investing in Farmland | The Motley Fool

• Cash crops, hidden costs: Inside Illinois' agricultural system

On Farmer Income/Debt

• Weingarten, D. (2018). Why are America’s farmers killing themselves. The Guardian, 11. FIN BIN: The Farm Financial Management Database https://finbin.umn.edu/ 

1.  May 7, 2025 - Net farm income expected to improve in 2025 (Brownfield Ag News)

2. November/December 2024 - Farmers face cliff as working capital disappears (ABA Banking Journal)

3. December 4, 2024 - Repayment risks grow as farm income declines and farmland loans reprice (Minneapolis Fed)

• The Average Income Of American Farmers In 2025 Will Make You Pause

On Immigrant Workforce in US Agriculture

• Flores, L. A. (2025). Awaiting Their Feast: Latinx Food Workers and Activism from World War II to COVID-19. UNC Press Books.

• Minkoff-Zern, L. A. (2019). The new American farmer: immigration, race, and the struggle for sustainability. MIT press.

• Ratsabout, S. (2022, Jan.) Immigrants and refugees in Minnesota: Connecting past and present. MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved January, 2024, from http://www.mnopedia.org/immigrants-and-refugees-minnesota-connecting-past-and-

On Native American Land Back/Social Justice

• Bruyneel, K. (2021). Settler memory: The disavowal of indigeneity and the politics of race in the United States. University of North Carolina Press.

• Case, M. (2018) The Relentless Business of Treaties: How Indigenous Land Became U.S. Property. Minnesota Historical Society Press, St. Paul, MN.

• Charles, M. (2019). Unsettling truths: The ongoing, dehumanizing legacy of the Doctrine Of Discovery. IVP, an imprint of InterVarsity Press, InterVarsity Press.

• Dunbar-Ortiz, R. (2014). An indigenous peoples’ history of the United States. Beacon Press. Kimmerer, R. (2013). Braiding Sweetgrass. Milkweed Editions, Minneapolis, MN.

• Waziyatawin (2008). What does justice look like?: the struggle for liberation in Dakota homeland. Living Justice Press, St. Paul. MN

• Whyte, K. (2018). Settler Colonialism, Ecology, and Environmental Injustice. Environment and Society: Advances in Research, 9(2018), 125–144.

https://doi.org/10.3167/ares.2018.090109

On Food System Justice

• Freeman, A. (2024). Ruin Their Crops on the Ground: The Politics of Food in the United States, from the Trail of Tears to School Lunch. Metropolitan Books.

• Moore, J. W. (2015). Cheap Food and Bad Climate. Critical Historical Studies, 2 (1), 1-43