Source List

On Landownership and US Farmer Demographics

• Bailey, P. & Kagan, A. (2020). Emerging Farmers in Minnesota, Legislative Report, MN Dept. of Agriculture, St. Paul, MN. https://www.leg.mn.gov/docs/2020/mandated/200237.pdf

• Horst M. & Marion A. (2019). Racial, Ethnic, and Gender inequities in farmland ownership and farming in the U.S. Agriculture and Human Values, 36, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-018-9883-3

• https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/farm-economy/land-use-land-value-tenure/farmland-ownership-and-tenure

• https://www.chicagotribune.com/2025/06/01/illinois-farming-climate-change/

On Black Land Loss

• Merem, E. (2006). The Loss of Agricultural Land Among Black Farmers. Western Journal of Black Studies; Vol. 30 No. 2; Sociological Abstracts; pp. 89-102. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA185653535&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=01974327&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7E74e96d91&aty=open-web-entry

• Mitchell, T. W. (2005). Destabilizing the normalization of rural black land loss: a critical role for legal empiricism. Wis. L. REV., 557. https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1784&context=facscholar

• Tshabalala, Precious (economist) Union of Concerned Scientist’s journal The Equation: A Brief History of Discrimination against Black Farmers—Including by the USDA, August 27, 2024. Food | Union of Concerned Scientists

• Wood, S. D., & Gilbert, J. (2000). Returning African American Farmers to the Land: Recent Trends and a Policy Rationale. The Review of Black Political Economy, 27(4), 43–64.       https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1007/BF02717262

• https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02717262

• https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Highlights/2024/Census22_HL_BlackProducers.pdf

• https://www.ucs.org/about/news/usda-addresses-discrimination

• https://blog.ucs.org/series/heirs-property/

On Financialization of Farmland and Corporate Ownership

• Ashwood, L., Canfield, J., Fairbairn, M. & De Master, K. (2020). What owns the land: the corporate organization of farmland investment, The Journal of Peasant Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2020.1786813

• Edelman, M. (2021). Hollowed out Heartland, USA: How capital sacrificed communities and paved the way for authoritarian populism. Journal of rural studies, 82, 505-517. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0743016719305157

• Fisher, Daniel. (2010). In Pictures: America's Top 10 Landowners. Forbes, online. https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/14/ted-turner-john-malone-emmerson-business-billionaires-land_slide.html

• How to Start Investing in Farmland | The Motley Fool https://www.fool.com/investing/stock-market/market-sectors/real-estate-investing/farm-investment/

• Cash crops, hidden costs: Inside Illinois' agricultural system https://www.chicagotribune.com/2025/06/01/illinois-farming-climate-change/

On Farmer Income/Debt

• Weingarten, D. (2018). Why are America’s farmers killing themselves. The Guardian, 11. FIN BIN: The Farm Financial Management Database https://finbin.umn.edu/ 

1.  May 7, 2025 - Net farm income expected to improve in 2025 (Brownfield Ag News)

https://www.brownfieldagnews.com/news/net-farm-income-expected-to-improve-in-2025/

2. November/December 2024 - Farmers face cliff as working capital disappears (ABA Banking Journal)

https://www.bankingjournal-digital.com/baks/library/item/0624_november_december_2024/4226182/

3. December 4, 2024 - Repayment risks grow as farm income declines and farmland loans reprice (Minneapolis Fed)

https://www.minneapolisfed.org/article/2024/repayment-risks-grow-as-farm-income-declines-and-farmland-loans-reprice

• The Average Income Of American Farmers In 2025 Will Make You Pause

https://www.moneydigest.com/1933646/average-income-of-farmers-united-states-2025/

On Immigrant Workforce in US Agriculture

• Flores, L. A. (2025). Awaiting Their Feast: Latinx Food Workers and Activism from World War II to COVID-19. UNC Press Books. (BOOK)

https://uncpress.org/9781469679860/awaiting-their-feast/

• Minkoff-Zern, L. A. (2019). The new American farmer: immigration, race, and the struggle for sustainability. MIT press. (BOOK)

https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262537834/the-new-american-farmer/

• Ratsabout, S. (2022, Jan.) Immigrants and refugees in Minnesota: Connecting past and present. MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved January, 2024 https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/immigrants-and-refugees-minnesota-connecting-past-and-present?utm_term=&utm_campaign=%5BAG%5D+-+General&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_acc=3634705907&hsa_cam=11236066313&hsa_grp=113758591321&hsa_ad=469171368617&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=dsa-19959388920&hsa_kw=&hsa_mt=&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=11236066313&gbraid=0AAAAAC8rh2Ih5IqoOQ_Fa3u0Uoqu77s2d&gclid=CjwKCAiAj8LLBhAkEiwAJjbY74wyDcSB7UDP93bJnsH2ZDkxtDo_pSSkZnafyRE_B23QGfyLyxQhsBoCRoQQAvD_BwE

On Native American Land Back/Social Justice

• Bruyneel, K. (2021). Settler memory: The disavowal of indigeneity and the politics of race in the United States. University of North Carolina Press. (BOOK)

https://uncpress.org/9781469665238/settler-memory/

• Case, M. (2018) The Relentless Business of Treaties: How Indigenous Land Became U.S. Property. Minnesota Historical Society Press, St. Paul, MN. (BOOK)

https://shop.mnhs.org/products/relentless-business-treaties?srsltid=AfmBOoqTMoCRsZL9VMW-K9n5a0LklWNWijQk2CG6g8WseKeEAfLBhMYB

• Charles, M. (2019). Unsettling truths: The ongoing, dehumanizing legacy of the Doctrine Of Discovery. IVP, an imprint of InterVarsity Press, InterVarsity Press. (BOOK)

https://www.ivpress.com/unsettling-truths?srsltid=AfmBOopgksGiqkLhP-m8LuNSOup-E1KY2WYfw9bLMaBbLCKbytBtqw1X

• Dunbar-Ortiz, R. (2014). An indigenous peoples’ history of the United States. Beacon Press. (BOOK)

https://www.beacon.org/An-Indigenous-Peoples-History-of-the-United-States-P1164.aspx

• Kimmerer, R. (2013). Braiding Sweetgrass. Milkweed Editions, Minneapolis, MN. (BOOK)

https://milkweed.org/book/braiding-sweetgrass

• Waziyatawin (2008). What does justice look like?: the struggle for liberation in Dakota homeland. Living Justice Press, St. Paul. MN (BOOK)

https://birchbarkbooks.com/products/what-does-justice-look-like

• Whyte, K. (2018). Settler Colonialism, Ecology, and Environmental Injustice. Environment and Society: Advances in Research, 9(2018), 125–144.

https://doi.org/10.3167/ares.2018.090109

On Food System Justice

• Freeman, A. (2024). Ruin Their Crops on the Ground: The Politics of Food in the United States, from the Trail of Tears to School Lunch. Metropolitan Books. (BOOK)

• Moore, J. W. (2015). Cheap Food and Bad Climate. Critical Historical Studies, 2 (1), 1-43

https://jasonwmoore.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Moore-Cheap-Food-and-Bad-Climate-2015-CHS.pdf